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This study examines the complex dynamics of transborder cooperation and security along the Nigeria-Cameroon borderlands, a region historically shaped by colonial legacies, contested boundaries, and deep-rooted socio-cultural ties. The historical relationship between Nigeria and Cameroon, marked by the Bakassi Peninsula dispute and subsequent diplomatic resolutions, continues to influence bilateral interactions and border management. Security issues in the area are diverse, including insurgency, arms trafficking, smuggling, and communal conflicts, worsened by porous borders and limited government presence. The presence of armed groups such as Boko Haram and other non-state actors has exacerbated instability, undermining efforts at cross-border collaboration and threatening the safety of local populations. Data for the study were gathered from primary and secondary sources. The study emphasised the phenomenal rise in criminality and illegalities in the form of smuggling of small arms and light weapons, human trafficking, and prostitution, as well as other forms of illicit transborder activities in the area. These activities have generated serious security concerns not only for border communities but also for national economies astride the international boundary. Despite these problems, there are opportunities for stronger cooperation through joint security patrols, regional frameworks like the Lake Chad Basin Commission, and community-based peacebuilding efforts. However, effective transborder collaboration faces obstacles such as institutional weaknesses, mistrust, differing national interests, and inadequate infrastructure. The study concludes by emphasising the need for harmonised border policies, better intelligence sharing, and inclusive stakeholder engagement to promote sustainable peace and development.

Border Security, Transnational Crime, Cooperation Mechanisms, Community Relations, Regional Stability,